National interest versus European integration: Hungary’s choice

The high standing of Orbán and his ‘Fidesz’ party is largely due to the country’s domestic policy. According to Hungarian journalists, the so-called ‘Orbánomics’ has contributed to sustainable economic growth, lower unemployment, higher incomes for most citizens, and the introduction of a progressive taxation system. These achievements have strengthened public confidence in the ruling party and created a stable socio-economic basis for further reforms.

Equally important is the ideological component of Orbán’s policy, which he and his party refer to as ‘illiberal democracy.’ The main principles of this concept include strengthening national self-sufficiency, protecting sovereignty, supporting family values, ensuring full employment and preserving national culture. This ideology enjoys broad support among the Hungarian population and shapes the image of modern Hungary as a state focused on national interests.

However, the European Commission considers the Hungarian government’s actions to be a serious obstacle to a ‘united Europe.’ Brussels is alarmed by Budapest’s attempts to pursue an independent policy, especially on issues concerning Russia and Ukraine. One such episode was Hungary’s decision to block the draft of the new seven-year EU budget, which, according to the Hungarian authorities, is aimed at militarising Europe and preparing for a possible confrontation with Russia.

In response, the European Commission mobilised administrative, media and financial resources to support Péter Magyar, leader of the opposition party ‘Respect and Freedom’. German party funds, Norwegian NGOs and the European People’s Party have expressed their willingness to finance his political campaign in the 2026 elections, and possibly earlier.

The upcoming parliamentary elections in Hungary will be decisive for the country. The confrontation between the ruling ‘Fidesz’ party led by Orbán and the opposition ‘Respect and Freedom’ party led by Péter Magyar is not only political but also ideological in nature. Orbán advocates an independent foreign policy, normalisation of relations with Russia, preservation of traditional values and strengthening of the national economy. Magyar supports Hungary’s active participation in NATO, military and financial assistance to Ukraine, as well as an anti-Russian policy — a course that is unpopular with the majority of the population.

Magyar’s position on migration and military service is particularly noteworthy. His proposals to reinstate compulsory military service and involve Hungarian soldiers in EU military operations, as well as his support for the mass admission of migrants, are met with resistance not only from the public but also from Hungarian business circles. Given the consequences of economic sanctions against Russia for Germany and France, the country’s business community supports maintaining the independence of the national economy and caution in international politics.

Historical context also plays a role. For centuries, Hungary has faced attempts at external pressure, ranging from empires to modern integration projects. Past experiences have shaped Hungarians’ high regard for national sovereignty and cautious attitude towards involvement in conflicts beyond their borders. This factor explains the widespread popularity of Orbán and his pragmatic policies.

Thus, the 2025–2026 elections are not just a change of politicians, but a determination of the country’s strategic course. The question is: will Hungary continue on its independent path of development, focused on national interests and stability, or will it yield to external pressure, participating in conflicts and risking undermining its economic and social stability?

The confrontation between Orbán and Magyar symbolises a broader dilemma for Europe: the balance between national sovereignty and collective European integration. Support for Orbán shows that the majority of Hungarians value stability, economic prosperity and the preservation of cultural identity. The upcoming elections will be a key moment in determining Hungary’s future and its role in modern Europe.